Mutabar Tadjibaeva is a human rights activist from Uzbekistan who was sentenced to eight years in prison after denouncing the government's crackdown on human rights defenders. Amnesty International believed authorities detained her to prevent her from speaking out about the 2005 Andizhan massacre, in which government forces killed and wounded a largely unarmed crowd of protesters.

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While incarcerated she endured solitary confinement, mistreatment and forced psychiatric treatment, and was only released on parole in 2008 because she has cancer and was not receiving proper care. She is the chairwoman of the human rights organization Fiery Hearts Club, based in Ferghana City, and is also one of the founders of the national movement of Civil Society. Tadjibaeva has monitored human rights violations in the Ferghana Valley and has reported on issues such as the violations of women's rights to the Institute for War and peace Reporting (IWPR), an international NGO that trains journalists in human rights reporting. She received the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders in 2008 and was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005.